THG: No Estrogenic Effects

Athletes use THG for a reason. THG can increase androgen activity in the body, making athletes' bodies more responsive. THG is a steroid that structurally resembles veterinary steroids. Researchers have studied the interactions of THG with human androgen receptors (AR), progesterone receptors (PR), and estrogen receptors (ER). Compared to other steroids, THG significantly enhances AR activity. THG also has greater progesterone activity than progesterone itself. On the other hand, the progesterone activity of gestrinone and trenbolone is lower compared to progesterone. The experiments did not find any ER activity for THG. This steroid does not cause cellular toxicity. Therefore, it can be inferred that THG is an androgen and progestogen without estrogenic effects.

Strong Muscles and Myostatin Inhibitors

Twenty-two untrained men were randomly assigned to either a placebo group (PLC) or a myostatin-binding protein group (MYO, containing cystoseira canariensis). Blood tests were conducted after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Both the PLC and MYO groups trained three times a week, performing three sets of six to eight repetitions at 85% to 90% of their one-repetition maximum. The MYO group consumed 1,200 mg of cystoseira canariensis daily. After training, researchers found that both groups experienced increases in overall mass, lean mass, muscle strength, thigh volume/mass, and serum myostatin levels, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Does this mean the supplement was ineffective? Based on the dosage and treatment duration used in this study, the answer appears to be no. However, it remains possible that higher doses and longer treatment periods could yield better results.

Leucine Can Improve Mitochondrial and Myofibrillar Protein

Leucine is an anabolic amino acid that plays a significant role in muscle protein synthesis in both young and old animals. In fact, leucine can stimulate the synthesis of mitochondrial and myofibrillar proteins, including myosin, in adult and elderly rats. In summary, "leucine supplementation can activate specific muscle proteins." Remember, muscle proteins can be divided into contractile components (such as myosin and actin) and non-contractile components (i.e., everything else, including the sarcoplasm and organelles). Clearly, leucine addresses the non-contractile components.