The link between anabolic-androgenic steroid hormones and violence is more challenging to establish. Most papers mentioning this connection suggest using related data or discussing individual case studies. While this approach broadens the scope of research, it does not establish causality. For instance, one study examined a group of 23 steroid abusers and reported that these men engaged in more verbal and even physical fights with their girlfriends and wives while on AAS drugs. The impact of anabolic-androgenic steroids on aggression is compelling. Some men are likely more susceptible to such behavior when abusing AAS than others. However, such documents are insufficient to prove the existence of "roid rage." Further research is needed to determine whether AAS can trigger violent behavior in even a small minority of users and what characteristics make these individuals more prone to such reactions when the vast majority do not exhibit this behavior.

Severe crime is also challenging to associate with steroid abuse. In discussions, we again see weakly correlated data and case studies. For example, a Swedish article reported a connection between steroid abuse and crimes involving weapons and fraud. However, whether steroid abuse is responsible for or related to this criminal behavior remains uncertain. These individuals might be more exposed to or more likely to use illegal AAS for unknown reasons. Another paper described three individuals with no prior criminal records or history of psychiatric illness who were arrested for murder or attempted murder after abusing anabolic-androgenic steroids. While these stories are intriguing (and numerous), there are millions of steroid users in the general population who are not conspicuous in this way. No conclusive medical evidence has shown that anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse can cause previously psychologically stable individuals to become violent or commit severe criminal acts.