Glossary

词汇表

AAS – Anabolic/Androgenic Steroid

AAS——合成代谢/雄激素类固醇

Acute – Short duration. An acute effect is one that occurs rapidly, not after long-term administration.

急性——时间短。急性效应是迅速发生的，而不是长期的

Aerobic – Refers to a process where oxygen is used to generate energy in the muscles from carbohydrates, fats, and protein, in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Long distance running is an example of an aerobic activity.

有氧运动——以ATP(腺苷三磷酸腺苷)的形式在肌肉中产生能量的过程，即消耗碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质。长跑是有氧运动的一个典型例子。

Adipose – Fat tissue.

脂肪——脂肪组织

Adrenoceptor – A type of receptor in the body involved in the regulation of heart rate, metabolism, and thermogenesis. Stimulated by endogenous catecholamines such as epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine.

肾上腺受体—— 一种参与调节心率、代谢和发热作用的受体。用于接受内源性儿茶酚胺(肾上腺素)，去甲肾上腺素(去甲肾上腺素)和多巴胺的刺激。

Agonist – A substance that initiates a biological response. An estrogen agonist acts as an estrogen in the body.

激动剂——一种引发生物反应的物质。如：雌激素受体激动剂作用于体内的雌激素。

Ampule – A glass container that holds a single dosage unit of a liquid drug product. An ampule must be broken open before use.

安瓿—一个装单剂量液体药品的玻璃容器。在使用前必须先打破口子。

Anabolic – A process that involves the building of tissues such as muscle and bone. AAS are most valued by bodybuilders and athletes for their anabolic properties.

合成代谢——一个涉及到肌肉和骨骼等组织的过程。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇最受健美运动员和运动员的重视。

Anaerobic – Refers to a process where energy is generated in the muscles from carbohydrates in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) without the use of oxygen. Weight lifting is an example of an anaerobic activity.

非有氧运动——指在不使用氧气的情况下，以ATP(腺苷三磷酸盐)的形式在肌肉中产生能量的过程。举重就是一个非有氧运动的例子。

Androgenic – Refers to the masculinizing properties of a substance. AAS stimulate male libido, secondary hair growth, acne, and male pattern hair loss via their androgenic properties.

产生雄性征的——指一种物质的雄性化特征。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇会刺激男性性欲，继发性毛发生长，痤疮和男性型脱发等雄性特性。

Antagonist – A substance that inhibits a biological response. An estrogen antagonist blocks the action of estrogen in the body.

 拮抗剂—— 一种抑制生物反应的物质。如：雌激素拮抗剂阻止雌激素在体内的作用。

Arrhythmia – An irregular heartbeat. Arrhythmias may be life threatening or benign in nature.

心律失常——心律不齐。心律失常在本质上可能是威胁生命的或良性的。

Atherogenic – Promoting the formation of plaque deposits on the walls of arteries.

促使动脉硬化的——促进动脉壁上斑块沉积的形成。

Atherosclerosis – A progressive cardiovascular disease characterized by the buildup of plaque deposits in the arteries. This may obstruct blood flow, causing heart attack or stroke.

动脉硬化——一种渐进性心血管疾病，其特征是动脉斑块沉积。这可能会阻碍血液流动，导致心脏病或中风。

Bacteriostatic – Inhibits the growth of bacteria. Bacteriostatic water contains ingredients that prevent bacteria from contaminating the liquid.

抑菌——抑制细菌的生长。抑菌水含有防止细菌污染的成分。

Contraindicated – Not advisable for use. A contraindication is a condition that would prevent someone from using a particular drug product.

禁忌——不建议使用。禁忌症是防止某人使用某一特定药物产品的一种条件。

Diabetogenic – Increases blood sugar.

致糖尿病的——增加血糖

Diastolic - The phase of blood circulation where the pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles) are being filled. Pressure is at its lowest during the diastolic phase.

舒张期——血液循环的一个阶段，心脏的泵腔(心室)正在被填满。在舒张期，压力处于最低水平。

Downregulate – To reduce in number. Some cellular receptors downregulate with high levels of drug stimulation, inducing tolerance. Anabolic/androgenic steroids generally do not cause a reduction in respective androgen receptor concentrations. Classic downregulation does not occur.

下调——减少数量。一些细胞受体对于高水平的药物刺激，其诱导耐受性下降。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇通常不会导致相应的雄激素受体浓度降低。不会发生典型下调

Edema – The retention of excess water in the circulatory system and/or body tissues.

水肿——在循环系统和/或身体组织中保留多余水分。

Endogenous – Occurring naturally within the body. Testosterone produced by the testes is an endogenous hormone.

内生——自然发生在体内。睾丸激素是一种内生激素。

Epiphyses – The growth plates at the end of long bones. The epiphyses plates regulate increases in linear height during development, and fuse at maturity preventing further linear growth.

骨骺——长骨末端的生长板。在发育过程中，骨骺调节线性高度的增加，并在成熟时融合，防止进一步的线性生长。

Erythropoiesis – The process in which red blood cells are produced in the body. Anabolic/androgenic steroids can stimulate erythropoiesis.

红细胞生成——红细胞在体内产生的过程。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇可以刺激红细胞生成。

Esterified – Refers to a steroid compound that has one or more fatty acids attached to the m

olecule, usually to slow its release from an injection site. Testosterone

cypionate is an esterified form of testosterone.

酯化——一种类固醇化合物，它有一个或多个脂肪酸附着在分子上，通常是为了减缓它从注射部位的释放。睾酮氰酸酯是一种酯化的睾酮。

Exogenous – Caused by an agent outside the body.

外源性的——由身体外的一种物质引起的。

Glycemic – Relating to blood sugar levels.

血糖的——与血液中的糖含量有关的。

Hepatotoxic – Liver toxic. All c-17 alpha alkylated anabolic/androgenic steroids are considered hepatotoxic.

肝毒素的——肝毒性。所有c - 17烷基化合成类固醇/雄激素类固醇都被认为是肝毒性的。

Homeostasis – A state of equilibrium among physiological processes.

稳态——生理过程中的平衡状态。

Hyperplasia – Growth that occurs via an increase in cell number.

增生——通过细胞数量增加而发生的生长。

Hypertrophy – Growth that occurs via increases in existing cell size. Anabolic/androgenic steroids produce growth through hypertrophy.

肥大——通过增加现有细胞大小而发生的生长。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇通过肥大而产生生长。

Metabolic Syndrome – A poorly defined common metabolic disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, an atherogenic lipid profile, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, a proinflammatory state, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

代谢综合症——常见代谢紊乱的一种定义，其特点是腹部肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗、血压升高、炎症状态，以及心血管疾病的风险增加。

Multi-dose Vial – A vial with a rubber stopper on the top, designed to be pierced repeatedly by a needle (for multiple uses).

多剂量瓶——顶部有一个橡胶塞子的小瓶，被设计成可多次被针穿刺(用于多种用途)。

Pathological – Involving or caused by physical disease.

病理性的——由身体疾病引起的。

Peripheral – Near the surface of the body. Psychoactive drugs are often regarded as centrally acting (brain/central nervous system), while hormones like anabolic steroids affect both central and peripheral tissues (such as muscle and skin).

外围的——在身体的表面附近。精神药物通常被认为作用于中枢(大脑/中枢神经系统)，而像合成代谢类固醇这样的激素会影响中枢神经和周围的组织(如肌肉和皮肤)。

Prognostic – Serving to predict the likely outcome of a disease.

预后的——用于预测疾病可能的结果。

Pulmonary – Related to the lungs.

肺部的——与肺部有关的

Recombinant – Refers to a synthetic manufacturing technology that involves the splicing of genes or DNA segments and inserting them into a cell culture in order to replicate a specific protein. Recombinant DNA technology is used to manufacture many protein-based drug products including human growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and human insulin.

重组——一种合成制造技术，它涉及到基因或DNA片段的拼接，并将它们插入细胞培养液中，以复制特定的蛋白质。重组DNA技术用于制造许多以蛋白质为基础的药物产品，包括人类生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子和人类胰岛素。

Selective – Describes a drug with a very specific effec, and little spillover into other biological systems.

选择性——描述一种具有特殊效应的药物，会对其他生物系统产生微小的溢出效应。

Subcutaneous – Located beneath the skin and above the muscle.

皮下的——位于皮肤下方和肌肉上方的。

Supraphysiological – In excess of normal biological levels. High doses of testosterone produce supraphysiological levels of hormone in the blood.

超生理的——超过正常的生物水平。高剂量的睾丸激素会提高血液中肾上腺素水平。

Supratherapeutic – In excess of normally defined therapeutic levels.

超治疗——超过通常定义的治疗水平。

Systemic – Affecting the entire body through general circulation.

全身的——通过全身循环影响整个身体。

Systolic – The phase of blood circulation where the pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles) are actively pumping. Pressure is at its highest during the systolic phase.

收缩期——血液循环的阶段，心脏的泵心室(心室)正在积极地跳动。在收缩阶段，压力达到最高。

Upregulate – To increase in number. Usually relating to cellular receptor concentrations. Anabolic/androgenic steroids can increase respective androgen receptor concentrations, possibly increasing sensitivity to androgens.

上调——增加数量。通常与细胞受体浓度有关。合成代谢/雄性激素可以增加相应的雄激素受体浓度，可能增加对雄激素的敏感性。